It should be noted that nine Totem animals came over from Atmora. The Dragon Priests were not the only priesthood. Wall murals depict priests for the other eight as well. It's likely these lesser cults were tolerated by the Dragons. In their own ancient sites, the murals appear. Even in Skuldafn, the home of Alduin himself, the other Totems are present.
Felldir the Old specifically invokes the name of "Sister Hawk" when using the powers of the Elder Scroll to banish the World Eater. Logically, the Hawk totem animal represents Kyne, the goddess of the sky, who is also associated strongly with the powers of the Thu'um, and with the Greybeards of a later era. It can be deduced that she played a big spiritual role among the early Nords who rebelled against the Dovah.
Other confirmed or logical Totem identities:
Shor is the Fox, as confirmed in
this official text. He's seen by some as a trickster deity, as Lorkhan often is, so that's not a huge surprise.
Tsun is logically the Whale. The symbolism of him guarding the whalebone bridge is an obvious giveaway.
Alduin is clearly the Dragon, although that totem may have originally stood for an early iteration of Akatosh.
The Snake is a tough one. Some people identify him with Shor because of the Redguard deity Sep, but the previous link clearly ties Shor to the Fox. I think the Snake is Orkey, who eats away the life of mortals, much like a hungry snake.
Jhunal, the god of wisdom and math, would be strongly associated with the Moth if this were Cyrodiil. However, it's not, and the figure on the Moth wall mural is female. I therefore think the wise old Owl is Jhunal, and the Moth is Dibella.
Through the process of elimination - and certain real world mythological parallels - Mara as the she-wolf is logical. She's the only remaining female Divine, and the Wolf is female on wall murals.
The only major Nordic god remaining is Stuhn, and it just so happens we have one male Totem left - the Bear.
That's my personal interpretation of the list, comparing the totems to what we know of
Nordic gods. I'm pretty sure this is close to being accurate, especially for Kyne, Tsun, Alduin and Shor. The rest are logical guesses.