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A farmer went to a market and brought with her a number of cabbage heads, which she sold to three customers.
The first customer bought half of all the heads’ amount and half a head in addition.
The second customer bought half of all the remaining heads’ amount and half a head in addition.
The third customer bought the remaining head.
How many cabbage heads did the farmer bring to the market?

7

Tom is from the census bureau and greets Mary at her door. The have the following conversation:

Tom: I need to know how old your three kids are.
Mary: The product of their ages is 36.
Tom: I still don't know their ages.
Mary: The sum of their ages is the same as my house number.
Tom: I still don't know their ages.
Mary: The younger two are twins.
Tom: Now I know their ages! Thanks!
How old are Mary's kids and what is Mary's house number?

[uesp=]the twins are 6 years old each. The oldest is 24 and they live at number 36.

The twins are three years old, their older sibling is four years old. They live in house number 10.

All the kids are 12 years old and they live at number 12.

2 * 2 * 9 = 36.
2 + 2 + 9 = 13.

The twins are two years old each, the older child is nine years old. They live in house number 13.

Another, less probable, combination would be:

1 * 1 * 36 = 36.
1 + 1 + 36 = 38.

1, 1, 36
1, 2, 18
1, 3, 12
1, 4, 9

1, 6, 6
2, 2, 9
2, 3, 6
3, 3, 4

A heavy cast-iron pipe was to be transported in a boat across a river. However, when the pipe was lowered into the boat, it sank so deep into the water that the boatman could not have gotten into it.
He did not have any other means of transportation at his disposal.
However, he did think of a way to transport the pipe while sitting in the boat at the same time.
How did he do it?

He covered the ends of the pipe, trapping air inside so it would float in the water, then towed it across.

It could have worked if the pipe had a certain given length-thickness-diameter ratio, which would have been given. We only know that the pipe is heavy and sinks the boat with the boatman in it.

Would attaching the cast iron pipe to the bottom of the boat help? That should make it lighter. Sure, the boat isn't going to be very streamline afterwards - not to mention the risk of the pipe rusting lol - but apart from that :p.

What about helium (or hydrogen!) balloons? Lots and lots of helium balloons . Maybe strap a few surf boards to the side/bottom of the boat. That'd probably help.

The boatman seemed to have remembered the laws of physics.
The boat’s sinkage would be lowered by attaching the pipe to its bottom – which is the boatman’s goal so that he could sit and row normally.
When the pipe is located inside the otherwise empty boat, the boat is affected by the gravity force which equals (m1 + m2) x g, where
m1 is the pipe’s mass,
m2 is the boat’s mass,
g is the free fall acceleration.
When the pipe is located below the boat, the boat is affected by the gravity force which equals m1 x g + m2 x g - p x V x g, where
p is the water density,
V is the pipe volume.
Thus, the force affecting the boat with the pipe below it is lesser than the force affecting it with the pipe inside it.

There are three sisters.
Florence is twice as old as Madeline will be when Dahlia is as old as Florence is now.
Which of the three sisters is the oldest, which one is the youngest, and which one is the middle child?

Florence, Dahlia, Madeline? (Oldest, middle, youngest respectively)